Hi Amazingrandi,
Why are we here? What is consciousness? Can we transfer that consciousness ourselves? Can man "invent" reincarnation? Can science help man become immortal? Is there intelligent life outside of Earth's atmosphere? Can a physical object travel from point A to point B faster than light? Is time travel to the past possible? Can we reverse the aging process?
We are here because we exists, although I still wonder why, but overall we are just here to replenish.
As evolution progressed into more and more complex structures in animals such as the growth enlargement of the brain in apes: such as chimps and mankind, information about time in the outside world could be analysed and stored in the brain, the concept of past, present and future, and having the ability to rationalize and to tell the difference between those events, gradually evolved into - Self Awareness / Consciousness, to know that you exist. (chimps also have this too)
(I'm sorry I don't understand what you mean with the other two)
Well, as we live further in time, our cells keep copying again and again, and after a long period, within the DNA strand this line which is responsible for the amount of cellular production gradually decreases, the more cells die, more cells are born and so on, until this line runs out is the point where the body can no longer reproduce anymore cells and dies. Scientists are currently researching of ways to make this line longer, therefore undergo longer life span or in the future manifest ways to cease its boundaries. - Death can no longer be something inescapable. An ageless, immortal generation immerges.
Okay, just because we have only seen the abundance of life on earth, it doesn't mean it doesn't exist anywhere else. We know that with the proper temperature, that is with a liquid mantle within a planet can produce enough heat to escape through vents and a gradual build up of atmosphere is attained - clouds evaporate into seas of water; an organic element, and also heat from the sun so heat is longer sustainable. We know that life produces oxygen on earth, seen in primitive bacteria, a great amount of oxygen such as the ozone layer in a planet can determine the presence of life forms.
In physics, the speed of light is the fastest, nothing can measure up to the speed of light. Perhaps there could be something faster than light in the near future, or something as fast as the speed of light, But not yet as of now..
Oh my favourite, time travel, Well, except the movie theaters, but right now... it's just an abstract concept. But that would be interesting though...
-Well those are some of answers or controversies that science is already researching about..